芝加哥地区的节能，耐用且具有成本效益的墙设计
My wife and plan to build an energy efficient, passive solar house per NAHB Green Guidelines in Chicago Area. Focus is on insulation, air tightness and windows’ placement.
After going back and forward with the architect and the builder, and spending hours on internet that included a good read – new Building Science Report “High-R walls Case study analysis” – I am currently debating between the following:
概念1：
– Airtight Drywall
- 2 x 6英寸的前进框架（24英寸分离）
- 填充NU毛纤维素绝缘
- 1.5英寸XPS外部绝缘
- 培养的石头和纤维水泥壁板
概念2：
- 2 x 6英寸的前进框架（24英寸分离）
- 填充NU毛纤维素绝缘
- 用1/2英寸的闪光灯 - 1英寸聚氨酯绝缘材料
- 1.5英寸XPS外部绝缘(Foamula)
- 培养的石头和纤维水泥壁板
Any thoughts? I am also open to different concepts, assuming it’s cost effective.
Thanks!
GBA细节库
A collection of one thousand construction details organized by climate and house part
Replies
任何壁系统的成本效益取决于拼图的其余部分。每个壁系统都会导致机械设备的一定成本，尤其是在芝加哥这样的寒冷地方。
In Chicago, I would be trying for at least an R-40 to R-60 wall system with triple glazed windows (there are many ways to get there...), with the goal of heating and cooling your entire house with just an HRV and a mini-split heat pump.
A better performing and more expensive wall system could lead to a radical reduction in expensive equipment (also gets rid of things with lots of moving parts, things that need technicians to maintain them, and things that wear out over time, unlike walls and windows). This wall system will also be substantially more comfortable than a 2x6 wall, with less drafts and cold spots.
We're designing the wall systems of our houses around the equipment, instead designing a house and stuffing a furnace in it, the way we used to. An energy model is the crucial tool to show you what is possible.
Hope this helps!
Jesse Thompson
http://www.kaplanthompson.com/
谢谢杰西！
我已经调查过。...使用厚的墙壁（r> 40）和三层玻璃窗户进行热量损失计算。与例如R25墙和双层玻璃窗（低E，南侧高SHGC）相比，降低热量损失 - 大约15％。相比之下，使建筑物真正紧密（例如ACH50PA <1）将减少20％的损失，并且要做更便宜。由于预算的限制，我回避了所有上述内容并满足被动房屋标准...现在我对50％的人感到满意。
I wasn't suggesting Passivehouse so much as a design optimized for an affordable mechanical system's peak load. If you've already been doing an iterative modeling exercise, you should have the information to do that refinement. We're working hard these days to not see the wall system as an isolated cost issue, it sounds like you're already on that track.
一个警告是，我们看到了一些能量模型（特别是恢复）折扣R-30+隔热水平和良好的窗户，但感觉不准确。PHPP在准确模拟这些墙体组件方面似乎更有效。例如，大多数能源建模软件无法说明不同的窗口几何形状，它假设所有窗口都是NFRC标准形状和尺寸。
通过提到的具体示例，我将对刚性泡沫和闪光喷雾泡沫的双泡沫三明治的干燥能力感到紧张。在像您这样的情况下，我们一直在推荐：
Exterior rigid foam (thick enough to ensure warm sheathing)
作为空气和水壁的护套，测试了压力以验证。
干燥的致密包装纤维素
根据我们的经验，在施工过程中很难验证空气紧密的干墙。将建筑物，安装门和窗户，胶带，密封件，密封件和填缝剂所有外护套接头，然后打击器门测试外壳以跟踪外壳中的所有空气泄漏之前，要容易得多，要容易得多。在过去的几年中，在NESEA会议上，人们对这种方法有很多关注。
Jesse Thompson
http://www.kaplanthompson.com/
杰西，再次感谢，这非常有帮助！
我喜欢在添加隔热材料之前进行鼓风机测试的想法，它增加了实现目标（ACH50PA <1）的机会，考虑到这将是建筑商首次使房屋变得紧密。
关于聚氨酯闪烁，我明白了。墙会更难干燥。我将调查其倍数。另一方面，我希望它也使房屋变得更强大。尽管不是那么频繁，但该地区有龙卷风。
最后，我忘了前面提到的，建筑商更喜欢在刚性泡沫绝缘的顶部使用OSB。
Respectfully,
Nenad Uzelac
请与您当地的NU-Wool承包商联系以获取正确的答案。
我建议用你曾经构架成员design requires, to determine the amount of wall cavity insulation. The key is just having a NU-Wool contractor installing the Wallseal system. This will go in at a minimum of 3.25#/CF to create a thermal and air barrier at the same point in the wall. Airsealing is also key. Your local Nu-Wool Wallseal contractor can provide you with the load calcs for the HVAC along with energy consumption and a Heating and Cooling guarentee.
与Jack Golden 708-426-4356联系，他可以帮助您找到绝缘违规器。
我建议您看地热进行加热和冷却。
Windows应至少满足您当地的税收抵免要求。