Historical Architectural Details and Green Building
Taunton Guts| Posted in一般的问题on
What details that are common to period homes in the U.S. are simply a bad idea from a “green construction” point of view?
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Uninsulated ceilings.
Uninsulated walls.
Single-pane windows.
地下室没有下水道。
大型燃木壁炉。
Lead paint
Asbestos miscellaneous stuff
现在被禁止的农药
....Just don't buy an old house ;)
>....Just don't buy an old house ;)
虽然在开玩笑说,在购买一些例外an old house (and upgrading it) is generally greener than building a new one. The materials choices and methods for any upgrades makes a difference in the shade of green, of course.
在“ ...在美国期间房屋常见的细节只是一个坏主意……”列表我的一些最爱是：
*Large expanses of glass in mid-century modern homes, that raise both heating and cooling loads. Replacing all of that glass with higher performance glass is only a partial solution and often expensive but it's a good start.
*雪地（和其他区域）的平坦屋顶是另一个。扁平的屋顶真的不能很好地排放，而且在上面几英尺的雪地上，它更加有问题。在屋顶甲板上方绝缘和无通风可以减轻某些水分问题，但价格昂贵。
*HVAC ducting above the roof deck or in uninsulated wall cavities is another. (Some of that is still happening in current construction.)
^^Those issues are treatable, for a price. All three of the above were issues in a project I consulted on a handful off years ago. The ductwork & roofing issues were resolve by building a very low slope gable roof above the existing roof, with 6" of rigid polyiso above the new roof deck.)
*在各种年份的房屋上，壁板直接连接到框架上，而无需中型护套或空气外侧耐候材料，这使得以水分安全的方式空气密封和使这些墙壁隔离变得困难或不可能。
在最近的一个项目中，房子没有外壳和板条壁板，以前曾经用玻璃纤维棒（R11和R13的混合物）隔热，而其他空腔则是空的。治疗方法是用纤维素浓密地包装所有空腔（包括在巴特上密集包装），剥离板条，然后安装完全坚固的天气屏障（在本例中为亨利·布鲁斯金VP100），然后在宽阔的木板上进一步改善空气紧密度，然后在1/4英寸的网格雨屏（Obdyke Rainslicker Max，在这种情况下）安装新的雪松木瓦。在这种情况下。鼓风机的门测试，但在建造新房子的成本下，它在室内舒适性和能源使用方面都产生了巨大的影响。
*用化石燃料加热的房屋。显然，这仍在进行中，但在技术上变得更可能和负担得起每天的改造。展望未来，当有适合气候的热泵解决方案时，使用化石燃料是不负责任的。
I'm currently consulting on a retrofit to a small-ish circa 1930 house (in surburban Boston, climate zone 5A) where they are likely pull the gas meter after they upgrade the kitchen. The original hydronic boiler was still in service up through last spring, but was ripped out over the summer during renovations. A 2-ton ducted mini-split is going to be installed before the end of next month. As with many older homes, this house was originally uninsulated, but had some wall insulation (fiberglass batt insulation) installed over the past century during repairs and renovations. Working under a state sponsored rebate program the cellulose installers balked at dense-packing over the batts, even when the owner was willing to pay full freight (off-program). They will be returning next week, and I've recommended that the owner press them on it again. If THEY won't do it, someone else will (even if it's me- it's a small enough house to dense pack the whole thing by myself in less than a weekend.)
Not every "...old house..." is worth fixing, but many or even most are. There is almost always much better bang/buck and bang/net-carbon to fixing what exists rather than building new.
Dana,
如果您适合，我可以将其变成GBA的帖子。当然，这将是您的副词。这是一个很好的问题，您的答案很棒。我很想更广泛地分享它。让我知道。
> with some exceptions buying an old house (and upgrading it) is generally greener than building a new one.
我厌倦了被深在我的项目和孔蒂nually running into new issuesm but I increasingly feel that I may have been one of the exceptions -- or at least walked myself into being the exception :P
Renovation isn't without its costs either -- I've taken what was nominally a functional house, albeit dated and in need of a few repairs, and, at a quite substantial cost in both money and time, will be left with a result that will inevitably be better than most houses of its age, but not as good as the same amount of money and time could have likely made a new structure. In the process, I've sent at least 120 yards worth of dumpster to [a hole in the ground somewhere else where it's now someone else's problem] -- not counting the salvageable stuff that's gone to re-use here or elsewhere -- and expended time and materials (LVLs, polyiso foam) that wouldn't have been necessary save for the constraints imposed by an old structure.
In the meantime, a new, huge, probably code-minimum build went up on an empty lot down the street. I can't help but think -- there's a fixed number of houses, and people who need houses, what if I had gotten the lot and built a new house, and someone else had done some minimal renovations and otherwise left my house as it is? I certainly wouldn't have built as large of a house, and likely would have built more efficiently, so the net environmental cost may have been less [not to mention my stress levels ;)]
当然，我几年前可能做出的最绿色决定可能是留在我的旧公寓里...
I guess what I'm getting at is -- it's complicated. It'd be greener to not build any new houses, especially single-family detached houses in the suburbs -- but population is growing and there's a demand for this type of house. If a house is bound to be built it seems it'd be better if someone green-minded were to build it.
>我想我想到的是 - 这很复杂。
That's right! And you don't know when embarking on a project exactly where it's going to take you or what the dollar cost will be. It's usually easier to budget a new build.
如果您要查看的只是转售价值回报或未来节能的净现值，除了空气密封和正确的大小任何必要的替换HVAC绿色改造升级之外，很少是一个很大的INVE$ tment。但是，如果您住在那个老房子里，可以使人感到舒适（或彻头彻尾的不舒适）的住宅，成为非常满意的室内空气质量的超级舒适性。
就是说，尽管花费了10万美元以北，以修复该本世纪中叶的现代房屋（不计算在车库上添加的办公空间）将其变成了所有者所居住的最舒适的房屋是“值得的”用它的话来说，当在那里居住了约5年（现在是空巢老人，大房子）之后，他们甚至赚钱了，那是在最近的房地产价格繁荣之前。当然，这是高档社区中的一间不错的房子，并不是每个人都有这样的现金可以玩的，但是他们从那个地方简短的管理中就做到了，这个地方已经很痛苦了约50年。
Of course had they held onto it for another year they might have made even more- check out the price history on it due to market conditions:
https://www.zillow.com/homedetails/12 over-brook-dr-worcester-ma-01609/56747331_zpid/
Clearly not every retrofit would have that kind of ROI.
The place is still cursed with Martin's "Big wood-burning fireplaces.", on both the lower and upper level, (basically an energy hole) but the diffuser selection & placement as well as right-sizing the HVAC compensated well for what might have been cold-draft inducer when not in use. By right-sizing the HVAC the fireplaces never became a comfort problem. The prior heating plant had been a 200KBTU gas boiler, with slab radiant heat on the lower level, ceiling radiant (with a barely insulated roof) above. The cooling was separate 5 ton AND 4 ton commercial building package units & ducts above the roof- a total energy & comfort disaster (but they satisfied the thermostats), and deafening while running. Even after adding more square footage to the house, with all the HVAC mechanicals in the cramped mini-hobbit crouch-attic of the low sloped insulated gabled roof they ended up heating with a 2-stage 60KBTU/hr gas furnace and a 3 or 4 ton AC (I'd have to look it up- my memory isn't perfect), and it is difficult to tell when it's running unless there is no wind, and nothing else is running in the house.
Narrow footprints, small rooms, short ceilings.
Agee that tearing down a house is the ultimate in non-green. Buildings get torn down for the most part because they are functionally obsolete, not because they can't be fixed. A lot of old buildings don't have layouts that would be appealing today, and can't be changed in a practical manner.
复杂的屋顶线条，半故事结构，座舱，湾/盒子窗和悬臂。要对细节进行大量关注，以获取这些正确的任何一个，并且在任何新结构中都非常容易构建它们。