I类,II和III级能源代码会是什么样?
We are building a new house and struggling massively on the energy side. Architects and builders that we like don’t know much about energy efficiency (nor IAQ, Low VOC, etc.) and those that know energy efficiency largely build very contemporary styles. We may be faced with trying to marry the two which could be prohibitively expensive unless we can get them to fall in love with each other before work begins.
Even just communicating what we want is difficult. The easiest is air tightness where we can specify an ACH50 of 1 or 2.5 or 3.0. Thermal bridging OTOH gets complicated. “We don’t want any thermal bridging.” or ” We want less than 35% thermal bridging per sq ft of exterior surface.” Passive House (or Haus) is on the extreme end and I’m less and less inclined to believe it nearly as beneficial as it costs. Pretty Good House sounds like great ideas but nothing concrete ever came of it (though the discussions still likely advanced energy efficiency).
One saving grace for us is the new 2015 energy codes. At least it’s forcing builders to become familiar with air tightness and we know we’ll get an ACH50 of 3 or better and a somewhat decent level of insulation. Sadly not much in the way of anything else. What I would like is if code were ‘Class III energy efficiency’ and we could also say we want our house to be Class II or Class I.
What would a Class II or I house look like?
II类:ACH50 = 2?隔热20/40/60?热桥梁有所减少?窗户的某些面孔的某些规格?
I类:ACH50 = 1?隔热20/50/80?冬季(在北部气候)中有些太阳能增益的规格?
建造节能的房屋似乎比科学更具艺术作用。但是,我们能否使它成为科学,即使建筑师和建筑商也可以做到这一点?
GBA细节库
由气候和房屋部分组织的一千个建筑细节的集合
Replies
W.,
如果您想建造一个节能的房屋,则您的团队中的某人(房主,建筑师或建筑商 - 或理想情况下,这三个)需要很好地理解该主题,以解决诸如Thermal Bridging之类的问题。如果您发现本地建筑商和建筑师不了解这些问题,请不要放弃 - 继续寻找,直到您可以组建一个可以信任的团队为止。
框架墙壁和框架大教堂天花板的热桥梁很重要,但通常不适合无条件的阁楼。墙壁和大教堂天花板的解决方案相当发达 - 例如,双层墙,或sips,或带有外部绝缘的墙壁组件和屋顶组件。选择您喜欢的系统。
The major remaining thermal bridging issues are penetrations like structural beams that penetrate the thermal envelope, or massive masonry chimneys. If you are alert to these issues, you should be able to nip errors in the bud.
为了使事情变得简单,您可能会考虑为自己和您的团队设定自己的得分目标/需求。...大概50或更低(不计算PV)...如果您想变得更具侵略性。即使有一个被动式房屋,您可能会获得最低的分数(PV之前),是MN的30年代。
Side note on your post - I find it hard to professionally like architects and builders who are not up to speed on energy efficiency, IAQ, occupant comfort, cost, and other such things. I'm OK with liking them personally, though...
如果您使用0.5-0.7倍的IRC 2012代码 - 最大u因子在所有建筑物组件上,直到美国气候6号才能达到PGH级别,但会有相当高的性能建筑物。请参阅表N1102.1.3:
http://publicecodes.cyberregs.com/icod/irc/2012/icod_irc_2012_11_sec002.htm
So, where are you, climate-zone wise?
另一个好起点IT表2,本文档的P10:
http://www.buildingscience.com/documents/bareports/ba-1005-building-merica-high-r-value-high-value-high-performance-performance-resformance-residential-buildings-buildings-buildings-limate-limate-all-climate-Zones
请注意,这些都是“全壁” r值,并考虑了热桥接。/r15 = 〜U0.067。
房屋的形状会改变每平方英尺条件空间的外表面积,这会影响任何给定的U因子的效率。但是,每个角落还引入了热桥和潜在的裸露点。避免仅出于建筑兴奋而引入的不必要的凸起,窗户和湾窗等,并试图将角落总数限制在6或8。
即使您不将其作为初始构建的一部分安装,也可以将山脊线和屋顶音高定向,以便能够利用太阳能电池板(但不排除太阳能作为初始构建的一部分,因为这将使融资能够融资它以抵押类型的价格)。
拉姆西先生,我回应了Holladay先生和Semmelhack先生的上述答复。如果建筑师不了解自己的评分,如果能源效率对您很重要,我将不会使用它们。如果建筑师无法以您想要的样式设计,那么您也必须通过它们。您也可以使用“设计师”而不是建筑师。那就是我要做的。我确实不得不指导他们一点,但是我从中得到了一个不错的计划。
You can assemble a team in a few different ways--one would be to include an energy efficiency consultant to advise the architect. Another would be to use an designer as Andrew suggests, perhaps using the money saved on the architect to hire the efficiency consultant. It's also possible that the architects whose work you don't like would be willing to design in a style you do like. If you discuss it and they are unwilling, drop it but it might be worth having the conversation if you haven't.
Thanks all. On a quick note I'm thinking about my own house but almost more about the 99.9% of houses that are built to code minimum because anything more is way too complicated.
如果消费者可以去建造者并询问将自己的房子建造到II级或I类的房子,而不是代码III类,那么我认为我们会看到正在建造房屋的整体质量和在知道设计师,建筑师和建筑商关于建设科学方面的知识。
W.,
当前的选项存在。没有什么可以阻止客户告诉建筑商“我想要一个能量之星房子”或“我想要一间Leed Platinum House”,或者“我想要她的50套房子”或“我想要一辆Passivhaus”。
那里有很多标准。我们需要的最后一件事是一种新的能源效率规范系统。
“漂亮的房子听起来像是很棒的主意,但没有什么具体的东西”
相反;PGH是一个术语,描述了一种基于被动房屋技术的经济适用房的常见方法,还引用了Building Science的推荐R值5/10/20/40/60(Windows/Windows/suffer Slab/Sustement Walls/Main Walls/屋顶),在新英格兰气候下运行良好。(尽管我们中有些人增加了地下值)。“净零”是另一个通常引用相同标准的术语。
不要将被动房屋视为太极端;相反,认识到PH对房屋如何为美国的工作有了更好的了解。遵循pH原则,即使不使用其所有气候确定的R值,也会为您提供根本改进的房屋。
在“风格”上:如果您真诚地想要一个节能的房屋,您就不会对风格太僵硬,就好像您计划越野骑自行车旅行一样,您几乎不建议您坚持穿上看起来像三件商务的衣服套装。如果您不喜欢现代外观,那么有些传统风格比其他风格更适合能源性能。优秀的建筑师或设计师应该能够帮助您找到所需的平衡,但前提是您愿意为桌子带来一些灵活性。
顺便说一句,不要期望通过雇用设计师而不是建筑师来节省很多钱或获得更少的绩效价值。好的花费同样多,并且可以做得同样好或更好。
我认为我了解1,2级和3个评级系统的动机。对于那些经常困扰这些论坛场所的人来说,这可能并不明显,但这基本上是一个内部人群,没有偏见的意图,她的PH和USPH处方很有用。您必须已经有很多知识来了解这些标准的规定使用。他/她在说什么,但也许太客气的是那些规定的描述是对我们书呆子的。
这是正确的。您不必对施工技术有太多知识,即可仍然能够获得高水平的资金效率。有很多人只是不同意在这里大多数人关心的细节水平的兴趣,包括我。我们应该使他们更容易获得最佳的效率,设计和负担能力水平,而无需强迫他们像我们这样的书呆子。
埃里克,
There are lots of standards, but you don't have to use them if you don't want to. If you do want to, you can (for instance) ask your builder to build an Energy Star home without become a nerd.
Nerds develop new standards. Non-nerds are happy with the Energy Star label (or whatever local label is commonly promoted).
马丁,我非常尊重您的专业知识,但我认为您可能会错过我的观点。1,2级和3级是关于能源效率水平“频谱”的想法。除了更基本的水平,这就像被Passivehaus提出的新级别一样。也许底层是最新的IIRC代码级别。我认为这个想法值得考虑。现在,您拥有所有这些不同的标签,每个标签都试图取代另一个标签,其中大多数只有一个认证水平。它给人留下了深刻的印象,具体取决于他们选择的标准,即他们可能还没有达到最终水平。那些口袋更深的人可能比能量之星或LEED更好。如果容易与下一个级别的关系进行易于表征和货币化,那么那些具有较浅口袋的人就不必接受最低限度。
埃里克,
您很可能是正确的,世界需要一个新的计划来证明绿色建筑物或节能建筑物。但是我怀疑。
如果您想要具有三个或四个层的绿色认证系统,则有房屋的LEED(提供银,黄金和铂金)或国家绿色建筑标准(提供银,黄金和翡翠)。
如果您想精确地拨入能效水平,则可以选择她的0,她的30或她的60或介于两者之间的任何数字。
您可能会感叹:“但是许多美国人还没有听说过这些系统!”我可能会回答:“正是。那是因为没人在乎。”那么,是什么让您认为他们会关心您将要开发的新认证系统或标准?
你提出了一个很好的观点。都是关于education. The reason builders know about the IRC code is because they are mandated to abide by whatever version of it their locality has adopted. Perhaps rather than have a certification as such the IRC should define these higher levels of efficiency in broad categories such as levels I (bog standard), II, or III, or (OMG) IV. Along with learning about code minimum builders would then be required to learn about what would be involved in building with those advancing levels of energy efficiency and they would be required to pass a test to show competence. Builders could then be offered a certification with evidence of further competence in the different levels along with requirement that with each certification they have to offer pricing for and description of the higher levels to all prospective customers.
是的,会有很多腹部和抱怨。所以呢。
埃里克,
传统上,代码检查员专注于生命安全问题。例如,(从历史上看)重大守则问题包括热障碍和商业建筑中出口的充分性。
自从几十年前将能源规定添加到建筑法规中以来,由于各种原因,代码检查员一直在执行这些规定时拖延了他们的脚跟 - 包括我们国家没有投入太多钱来教育法规检查员的事实。对他们来说是新的问题。由于这个问题,执行代码规定的能源规定的执行严重不足。
现在,您建议在守则中的现有能源规定中添加几个新层,并使用我们现有的检查员系统来执行它。可以想象您的提议可以实施,但这会很昂贵,因为这需要对教育进行认真的投资。我看到没有迹象表明我们国家愿意投资这种类型的计划。