像大多数音乐家一样,西海岸五弦班卓琴大师比尔·埃文斯(Bill Evans)的日程安排有很多表演之旅,包括偶尔的旅行。其中一项活动将他带到了日本的科比,他亲身经历了日本非常容易接受的蓝草粉丝和典型日本住宅的冬季寒意。
账单,当我住在湾区时,他是我长期苦难的班卓琴老师,他告诉我,演出后回到主人家后,他决定写一首受到访问科比的启发的歌曲。但是,他补充说,他的音乐创作是通过一种绝对非音乐的设备极大地促进的,这是一个在房屋中的一块地板上的斑点加热小工具,就像日本的许多房屋一样,它缺乏中央HVAC系统。
比尔在一封电子邮件中解释说:“房子很冷……我的主人指示我坐在客厅地板中间的地毯上。”“这些加热的地毯可以使您很快使您非常温暖。我把班卓琴拉出来,坐在地毯上,完成了曲调。”
这首歌结果很好(click here为了听),当他仔细考虑了可能的标题时,比尔考虑使用日本在加热地毯上使用的任何异国名称。事实证明,地毯的名称是热到地毯. Perhaps the principal reason Bill went with “Kobe Blues.”
A change of tune for Japan’s builders?
Being called on the heated carpet was a unique experience for Bill. But it is a familiar one for the Japanese, whose homebuilders, asa recent Deutsche-Welle TV video featurepoints out, offer some beautiful and ingenious designs and fixtures, but tend to favor an extremely light touch when insulating residential exteriors and a “personal device” touch when conditioning interiors. Sitting on or near heat-broadcasting appliances – toilets and carpets, blanketed tables (kotatsu) whose undersides are equipped with heating elements, and kerosene burners – is,observes Toyko-based online magazine SNOW, a widely shared experience during the winter months.
令人鼓舞的消息是,至少原则上,住房行业的某些部门似乎已经开始朝着节能建设迈进。例如,Deutsche-Welle视频重点介绍了Kanagawa的主要建筑师Miwa Mori的绿色建设倡导。莫里(Mori)的典范项目之一是为Passivhaus标准建造的日本房屋。
Too, the Japanese government recently began subsidizing the construction of well-insulated buildings, Deutsche-Welle notes in the video narrative, which also includes affirming comments by a representative of one of the leading industry groups, the Japan Federation of Housing Organizations. The representative, Takao Fujimura, tells the interviewer that “current laws are sufficient” to propel the industry toward greener construction and that “if the leading companies’ guidelines become the industry standard, we’ll improve our energy footprint even more.”
Mori is skeptical of the JFHO party line, however. The market for well-insulated housing, she says, is still too small to motivate Japan’s big prefab-construction manufacturers to invest in better-insulated shells, roofs, and foundations. “It’s too expensive for them,” she says. “They want maximum profits. It will take a law to get them to change.”
2 Comments
Same in Korea
The heated mat or floor is called an Ondol (hot stone) in Korea, where Japan got the idea. Korea also has a history of poorly-insulated construction, although steps were taken to apply heat where needed, such as under the floor of the sleeping room.
过去,在韩国,我知道有一些内置的隔离屋顶的内置绝缘材料,升级到瓷砖屋顶(在政府发展计划期间),由于R值降低而引起了一些震惊。
如今,由于缺乏舒适感,传统房屋的声誉不佳,保护主义者不得不与人们的看法作斗争,即只有丑陋的公寓街区才能具有足够的供暖,管道和其他系统。
I've actually been looking at how traditional houses could be better insulated (my father-in-law recently built a somewhat chilly traditional house there), and it's a difficult subject. Roofs have many cathedral areas under the curved roof, which would require custom-fit foam above the deck. Walls are also complex wattle-and-daub fit between vertical log posts. Floors are also complex.
我可以想象其中之一的新建筑有些隔热层,但是现有的房屋几乎没有阁楼或墙壁空隙(有些天花板区域可能有效,例如在卧室中),无论哪种情况,我都很难发现很难想象一下密封空气运动。
There is some hope, as I've seen diagrams of the modern insulated envelope on traditional builders' websites, but these are high-end custom builders.
Korean ondol floors
When I lived in South Korea in 1980 — I taught English there for almost a year — I often stayed at the Inn Dae-won or the Inn Dae-Ji in Seoul. (Anyone else remember those classic backpacker hostels?)
传统的韩国建筑物被围在中央庭院周围。每个房间都有一个ondol地板,室外往室内往往会保持温暖。每个室外火炉都有一个粘土燃烧室,该燃烧室是圆柱形的。燃烧室的尺寸可容纳圆柱煤砖块。这些是标准化的物品,形成了通过中心的空心空气通道。它们是用煤炭制造的。
油毡地板在冬天烤面包 - 有时太烤了。我知道天花板没有太多的隔热材料,因为偶尔听到老鼠在天花板上刺痛。(然而,老鼠从未进入房间;这些都一尘不染。)
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