Efflorescence / spalling in brick basement
你好，
我认为我的地下室基础墙上有一个兴华/剥落问题。这将是一点长篇文章，因为我想要包含可能是相关的任何细节。
I’m not sure of a few things about it:
a）它是多少问题（化妆品或结构？）
b）如果地下室墙上的涂料是贡献者
c）水分的来源是什么（虽然我怀疑）
Photos posted here:http://imgur.com/a/7TtkL
A bit of background:
The efflorescence is on two walls of the brick foundation wall in my basement. The efflorescence runs horizontally, with the worst parts in a band roughly a foot below ground level. The two walls that don’t have any problems are the northern wall, shared with my neighbor (it’s a semi detached house), and the Western wall, at the front of the house, where the front porch awning is, I assume, keeping the ground dry. The walls are mutli-wythe, with the exterior brick a textured red, and the interior bricks are solid and greyish. I don’t see any efflorescence on the outside of the building (although if it’s at the same height as inside then it would be underground).
The southern wall has an asphalt driveway between it and my neighbor, which comes right up to the brick. There are some cracks in the asphalt where it touches the wall, which I suspect of letting water in. Based on advice from another post here I will be ceiling those cracks with caulk. (//m.etiketa4.com/community/forum/general-questions/37750/sealing-meeting-point-brick-wall-and-asphalt-driveway的）
a）在绝大多数受影响的地区，它似乎只是受影响的涂料。虽然在冒泡涂料下面，在起泡的涂料下面，当我触摸它时，有一层薄薄的砖块易碎和粉末。下面是正常的硬砖。
b）如果墙壁没有涂漆，我会有任何问题吗？油漆可以防止砖妥善干燥吗？
C) Given that I don’t see any efflorescence on the wall that’s shared with the neighbor, or on the wall whose adjoining ground is protected by the front porch awning, I’m thinking the water must be coming from the rain and not capillary action. Does that sound right? One thing that puzzles me is that the basement is dry, no water seeping in even on very very rainy days.
Thanks very much,
Jon
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Replies
Jon,
以下是一篇文章的链接，描述了地下室中发生的内容：肺炎=水损伤。
What's happening is that water is evaporating from your damp bricks, leaving salts behind. The salts are damaging the bricks and mortar and paint. Even if your basement seems dry, water can still be evaporating inward from these brick walls.
传统的解决方案是清理剥落材料并用基于石灰的石膏的牺牲层覆盖砖砌体。这将工作好几年。一旦石灰石膏开始剥落，就会是时候清理混乱并再次进行工作了。
这是另一个选择金钱问题证明带援助的标准。
压力将涂料和剥落砖的压力清洗到更坚固的结构。用清洁的饮用水刷砖块，将表面润湿，如果在下一步之前允许干燥。使用型直砂浆（没有沙子），脱脂衬垫的钢刀片平滑侧。混合物不应该比花生酱更厚，而不是薄的，而不是薄于你的抹子。
如果您的申请要求您在任何给定的点建立超过3/16“，您需要将沙子添加到混合中，然后在第二天在混合中没有沙子。这将为您提供光滑的彩绘。
有封口机可以应用于渗透密封剂。有些是保证最多10“深入阻挡水。如果您的预算不能摆动从墙壁外部管理水渗透，那么在这里确实没有保证。然而，如果你这样做，许多化学制造商会卖给你一座桥购买前没有阅读精细打印。并非所有封口机都将为您的申请工作。
http://www.prosoco.com/waterrepellents.
http://www.radonseal.com/concrete-sealers.htm
Another option is to install an interior perimeter drain and membrane system such as what this company offers if you have the budget.....http://www.basementsystems.com/
这些系统通常花费大约$ 10 g和他们do all the work for you. Truth is they actually work well.
水管理是持久挡住/基础墙组装的关键，它还通过消除孢子和其他污染物通过堆栈效果来施加通过家庭来实现更好的室内空气质量。
http://www.buildingscience.com/glossary/stackeffect.
Thanks for the information.
Martin, are sacrificial layers used on the inside as well? And would that preclude finishing the basement as I would need access to the walls for replacing the sacrificial layer? Or did you mean that I should do this on the outside of the wall above ground level for a few feet?
Richard, is the idea that the sealer would penetrate the layer of mortar and the brick behind it as well?
再次感谢
Jon if you do not manage the water migrating through the wall from it's source, finishing off the area by means of covering it with drywall, insulation and framing will only cause you grief and mold. Sealer's are band-aids and not cures for water movement. Again, manage the water from the source if your budget can withstand the impact.
Is it possible to use the asphalt driveway as a skirt as described here (pg 20):
http://www.buildingscience.com/documents/bareports/ba-1015-bulk-water-control-methods-for-foundations
由于它到了墙壁上，如果我填缝或沥青之间的墙壁和沥青之间的接缝，可以让土壤干得足够干燥（因为门廊遮阳篷在房子的前面）？实际上，它更有可能通过沥青和墙壁之间的裂缝进入砖块，这是水源的墙壁，或者是可以在某种程度上渗透到车道下方的水中，然后渗透到墙壁下方？
如果听起来我试图想到任何事情就会让我这样做而不破坏银行，这是因为我:)
Anything is possible and I do not fault you for seeking cheaper alternatives. Just understand your asking for advice all while providing bits and pieces of critical information.
问：“雨水是雨水进入砖块，沥青和墙壁之间的裂缝是水的，或者是水的水在车道不知何时渗透，然后渗透到墙上？”
A: Could be a combination of both.
有时高地下水可能源莫re then rain driven water. Check your local water table. (elevation above sea level) Any river's, streams, ponds, wetlands or shallow wells nearby? Is your neighbor diverting their run off water over to your property? ie; Gutter's, watering plants, irrigation...etc.. Are you using irrigation and where are your gutters aimed? How far from the foundation? Do you see ponding water after a rain event?
Based solely off of your previous post and the pictures you provided, I would like to think your problem stems from a sloping driveway leaning toward the house. If this is the case your only solution is to elevate the driveway so it slopes away from the home and then seal the brick chemically along with polyurethane caulk and backer rod at the meeting point. Or, take your chances and caulk only.
//m.etiketa4.com/community/forum/general-questions/37750/sealing-meeting-point-brick-wall-and-asphalt-driveway