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社区和问答

用热泵更换AC?

杰里骑士|Posted inEnergy Efficiency and Durabilityon

I’ve recently inherited a house in Virginia mountains, climate zone 6, that’s been used as a three-season retreat. I want to keep it open in winter. Heating is via coal-guzzling electric baseboards. Conventional AC w/ exchanger in unconditioned 3rd floor attic and flexiducts.
1)我可以更换像迷你分裂中使用的AC W /最新的发电热泵吗?本地HVAC人们不熟悉技术,因为气候对于传统的热泵来说太冷了
2)阁楼握持交换器有一些天花板绝缘,没有屋檐。它只有一个山脊发泄,在黑色瓦片上炽热的阳光下炎热。有没有更好的办法?我知道阁楼粉丝将是富有成效的,但它为系统在夏季和冬季寒冷的热量运行疯狂。

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答复

  1. Bob Irving||#1

    是的;一个迷你裂缝可能会有效,但如果升级信封会更好地工作。有能量审计完成和空气密封,并向您的新家添加保温。

  2. GBA编辑器
    马丁·霍洛拉||#2

    杰瑞,
    Yes, you can abandon (or remove) the equipment in your attic, and install one or more ductless minisplit units to heat and cool your home.

    Once this is done, you should seal the air leaks in your ceiling, and make sure that you have a deep layer of insulation on your attic floor.

    有关更多信息,请参阅:

    Air Sealing an Attic

    从一个大箱子店借用纤维素鼓风机

  3. 专家成员
    达娜·迪斯特||#3

    除非这是高于5000'高度的高脊上的一些独特的位置,甚至va的酷谷海拔仍然只有美国气候区5或4区的凉爽边缘,绝对不是区6.(你有拉链吗?代码?)VA中没有一个县,比4a更冷。

    http://apps1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/publications/pdfs/building_america/ba_climateguide_7_1.pdf

    Venting the attic is for moisture control, not temperature control. All vented attics run hot, but unless there is also soffit vents the ridge vent it even properly purge moisture effectively. Ideally a vented attic with a ridge vent would also have soffit vents, with 30-50% more free area at the soffit than at the ridge, to reduce stack-effect infiltration drives for the rest of the house.

    The key to controlling the energy use is to not install the ducts & air handlers up there above the insulation, or to insulate at the roof deck. How deep are the rafters?

    如果您在上层天花板飞机上撕掉现有的管道和空气处理器和空气密封,可以在阁楼地板上保持R50,比屋顶甲板绝缘解决方案更便宜。

    除非各个房间负载相当低,否则您将无法有效地加热或凉爽的房间,墙体线圈型迷你分裂,但还有一些供应商的调制迷你管卡型盒式版本,一些其中几乎与墙体线圈类型一样高效(特别是,富士通XXRFCD系列“细长导管”迷你分裂:http://www.fujitsugeneral.com/duct_specs.htm.)。这些是迷你空气处理程序,其输出可以在2-4间带有短管道的房间之间分开。在典型的多层2 x 4框架房屋上,带有R11-R13腔填充和透明玻璃杯双窗子或木制窗框单窗+清晰的风暴窗户可能需要每个楼层,这是一种自然的方式无论如何,ZONE多楼房屋。

    第一阶的业务是确定您要为升级建筑信封而做的事情,但保持HVAC仍然重要,因为这会影响您是否会咬住更昂贵的阁楼绝缘选项的子弹。然后,在“之后”图片上运行加热和冷却负载号。

    如果房子有完整的地下室或爬行空间,不要忽视空气密封和绝缘基础。堆栈效果渗透驱动器由房屋中最低和最高空气泄漏之间的高度变化确定,实际上更容易地空气密封基础墙壁和带托梁,而不是在地板下的空气密封。

  4. 詹姆斯摩根||#4

    Jerry you must be looking at USDA climate zones which are entirely different from the Department of Energy classification. It's a common confusion. The DoE Zone Map is shown at the top of the Q & A section of GBA. All of Virginia is in Climate Zone 4A.

  5. 杰里骑士||#5

    非常感谢让我开始这个问题。
    你是对的,我正在看园艺区。
    The house is 20 years old, built for an elderly client by an equally elderly builder and not up to even the standards of the era. Example: the cedar siding is stapled on. Double pane window exposure in main floor living area is about 50 % of wall area to maximize view. Ceiling insulation is 8 inches.
    由于宿舍,屋顶通风并非如此引用的标准。似乎少50%
    脊长。毫无疑问,鼓风机门测试会让我的思绪吹。
    Needless to say, I'm not aiming for passive house standards. But I'm an archibuff and FHB reader since the days it was in a larger format and want to do what I can to make the place at least livable.
    这座房子在最热的日子里完全融合,所以交流少于热量。
    那么我在哪里开始?建筑信封?撕掉窗户周围的室内装饰和泡沫?添加屋顶保温?绝缘成品走路地下室的天花板?

  6. GBA编辑器
    马丁·霍洛拉||#6

    杰瑞,
    Deciding what type of energy retrofit work to do on an older house depends on your budget and your goals. If you have no idea how to proceed, the first step would be to hire a home energy rater to perform an energy audit (using tools like a blower door and an infrared camera). Most audit reports include a prioritized list of energy retrofit measures that is specific to your house.

    如果您不想支付能源审核,则首先开始的地方通常是空气密封。有关更多信息,请参阅以下文章:

    Air Sealing an Attic

    Air Sealing a Basement

  7. 专家成员
    达娜·迪斯特||#7

    2x4或2x6?绝缘或空洞?

    基础类型?

    透明窗户,或低E涂层?(有时仍然存在一个标签或打印,指示窗口中要在窗口中找到的U形因素,如果您不确定。)

    那些面向西,东,其他方向的大窗户吗?

    天花板是2x8s,带有R25贝蒂的托架,还是它们的吹嘘或蝙蝠绝缘的较深?

    如果您可以运行标准电子表格工具,使用i = b = r方法运行室内热负荷计算非常简单,并通过区域或地板加入所有的估计热负荷的合理估计。使用邮政编码,我们可以提出第99百分位外部温度箱(一个共同的加热设计参数)的合理近似值。

    这不会向您展示空气泄漏的地方,但它会告诉你其他剩余的热量,以及它可能升级的地方。在任何升级后,热量的热量负荷可以暗示,这将告诉您哪些迷你分配或其他加热设备可能是合适的。

    这些计算工作的方式是按类型测量房间的所有外表面积(窗户,墙壁,阁楼地板,门,暴露的基础等)。基于它的表面类型的特征,我们可以估计其“U-Fevers”,其每小时每小时每小方的温度差异为单位BTU。然后这是一个算术问题。99%的外部设计温度和优选的室内温度之间的差异是相关的温度三角洲。那是:

    U-Factor X区域X Delta-T = BTU /小时。

    您将其添加到每个房间的每个曲面类型,以获得房间负载,然后添加您认为在同一个区域上的所有房间负载(可能在2层故事中乘坐地板),然后将区域总计添加在一起确定全房屋负荷。

    Eg:

    2x4 R13墙上的雪松壁板进入大约U0.08

    透明玻璃双窗约为U0.5

    8英寸阁楼托梁24“o.c.关于u0.04进来。

    假设你有9'天花板,你想知道一个上层角落的热量负荷为13 x 17',有一个墙上的两个5'x 7'图片窗口,以及3'x 4'在相邻的墙壁上的窗窗。假设99%的外部设计温度为+ 15F,内部设计温度为+ 70F,差异为55F。

    Total ceiling area is 13' x 17'= 221 square feet of U0.05 ceiling. The ceiling losses are then:

    U0.04 x 221'x 55f = 486 btu / hr

    The total window area is (5' x 7') + (5' x 7') + (3' x 4')= 82 square feet of U0.5 window. The window losses are then:

    U0.5 x 82' x 55F= 2255 BTU/hr

    总壁面积为9'x(13'+ 17')= 270平方英尺,窗口的82'叶子为U0.08墙的82',用于热量损失:

    U0.08 x 188'x 55f = 827 btu / hr。

    Assuming the floor below is conditioned space (it's a 2-story, right?) there are no floor losses, so add it all up and the heat loss of that room is

    486 + 2255 + 827 = 3568 BTU/hr.

    But you'll notice that the window losses dominate the load number. Adding a low-E storm window over a U0.5 window improves the performance to about U0.3, which would reduce the window losses to 0.3/0.5 x 2255= 1353 a reduction of about 900 BTU/hr, and worth considering, even though it's not cheap.

    将阁楼绒毛的深度加长至R50将使阁楼损失减少一半,减少243 btu / hr。

    除非你剥去壁板或咀嚼内部,否则如果他们在其中有R13贝蒂,你可能不会对墙壁做些时去。所以,在改进之后,您正在寻找热量负荷:

    243 + 1353 + 827= 2423 BTU/hr

    在270房间的热负荷比例约为9BTU/hr per square foot, which isn't terrible, if far from PassiveHouse. With air infiltration it will be a bit higher, but reducing air-leakage is job-1 on any envelope efficiency upgrades, so we'll ignore that for now.

    但告诉我们真正的墙壁和基础建设,我们将提出合理的U形因素估计,并使用邮政编码,我们可以从天气数据估计99%的外部设计温度。

    全部衡量,房间由房间。在走道地下室只使用等级高于等级的墙壁区域,但跟踪等级低于等级。基础类型和基础绝缘(如果有的话)是弄清楚这一点的必然因素。

    尽管绝缘所关注的完成地下室的天花板,这几乎是一种浪费的努力,因为地下室是条件空间。专注于上述等级外表面的努力更为重要,因为这是驾驶热量损失的大温差,以及需要在可能的程度上限制空气泄漏。

  8. 查理沙利文||#8

    当你说你想在冬天保持打开时,你住在那里全职还是用它作为周末撤退?如果您在50 f处保持其的部分时间而不是加热至70,则热泵的优点可能大于将其保持在70。

  9. 查理沙利文||#9

    Another thought: Dana is right that it's best to improve the envelope first and buy a small HVAC system, rather than buying an HVAC system sized for the poor envelope you have. But another path would be to buy a mini-split right away, and use it for as much of the heating load as you can, while still using the electric baseboards for the rest. Then gradually work on the upgrades to decrease the percentage of the load that relies on the baseboards.

  10. 专家成员
    达娜·迪斯特||#10

    是的,您始终大小为“以后”图片,即使您是几个月/年之后,除非那些信封升级在“深度能源改装”领域。如果您在所有窗口中没有重新安装地点或在高性能三窗中交换,请为今天的“之后”为“之后”,您将完全覆盖平均冬季负载,如果不是峰值冬季负载。

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