图片来源：Ferguson和Shamamian Architects -www.fergusonshamamian.com
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楼梯设计需要注意所有常规的住宅设计规则。楼梯应该是优雅，有用且舒适的。此外，楼梯也必须是安全的。显然，对于楼梯设计而言，安全性比大多数设计问题（例如天花板高度或窗户方向）更重要。
Once you understand the basic principles of stair design, you’ll probably notice that lots of stairs lack a graspable handrail, or have inconsistent riser heights, or are dimly lit. Examples of flawed stairs are unfortunately common.
Why should green builders care?
楼梯设计是绿色问题吗？也许。至少有两种方式楼梯安全原则与绿色建筑原则有轻度冲突：
- Safe stairs require a larger area than unsafe stairs; devoting more area to stairs conflicts with the green principle favoring smaller houses.
- Safe stairs requires excellent lighting; this conflicts with the green principle favoring reduced energy use.
I don’t want to belabor these two points, because the conflicts are obviously minor. Safety clearly trumps building size targets or energy use targets.
代码要求
There are lots of good online documents on code requirements for stairs; for example:
Stair safety basics
我不会在这里重新创建这些指南。相反，我将重点关注最常见的楼梯安全问题。
设计师和建筑商需要正确获取这些重要细节：
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12条评论
如何计算精确的立管高度和胎面深度
Agree that 7" should be the maximum riser height, and strive for closer to 6" for safety and ease of climbing stairs, especially for children and the elderly.
I’d add something like the following, for those who can’t view the Fine Homebuilding “subscribers only” article:
为了计算楼梯的确切立管高度和胎面深度：
1. Measure the vertical distance between the finish floors (height floor to floor). Divide by 7”. That tells you the approximate number of steps up the stairway, which is the number of risers. (That number might be about 15.4 for 8 foot ceilings plus floor framing.) Round the number up or down, preferably up, to the nearest integer (no fractions or decimals for the number of risers).
2. Divide the floor-to-floor height by the number of risers. That tells you the height of each riser. It should be about 7” (maximum 7 ¾” allowed). For a less steep stairway for the safety of children and ease of climbing stairs by the elderly, try to get riser height closer to 6”, by increasing the number of risers by 1.
3.一旦带有立管高度，请计算舒适且安全的胎面深度，以使其高度：
•胎面深度等于25英寸，减去两倍的立管高度
For a riser height of 7”, that gives you a tread depth of 11”
For a riser height of 6.5”, that gives you a tread depth of 12”
4.胎面必须超出立管以上，约1英寸（3/4英寸至1¼英寸最大允许），称为“鼻子”。因此，您的胎面库存必须是胎面深度加上鼻子，或11英寸 + 1英寸= 12英寸的深度（或12英寸 + 1英寸= 13英寸深度）。如果将立管设计在胎面顶部并到达胎面的底部，则胎面储备也必须通过立管板的厚度增加，通常是另一个¾”。
5. Riser stock would be less than the rise described above, by subtracting the thickness of any tread stock above and below it. Useful to draw a diagram of the stair design.
Tread depth
Robert,
上面的第3项产生更长的胎面，以较短的上升。直觉上似乎对我落后。匹配典型的步伐比控制陡峭程度更重要吗？
Tread depth
里德，
Yes the formulas for computing tread width will make a comfortable and safe stride up and down stairs for adults. There are a few different formulas but they all yield similar results. Less steep stairs have both shorter rise and longer run (tread). Steep stairs have longer rise and shorter run. Like a ladder has a steep rise but very short run, and outdoor stairs have more like a 6" rise and 12" run, so you can't tumble down slippery outdoor stairs like you would tumble down a steep interior stairway or ladder.
踏板
胎面宽度通常比可能需要短的原因之一是，它们通常由木材（木材和预制OSB）制成的库存通常为11“至11 1/2”。
纳姆
仅仅因为NAHB具有“非常深的口袋”并不意味着他们没有针对7-11的最低限度的有效论据。这样的问题比“如果是更安全，那么这是强制性的”，还有更多的问题。
Interesting that the Massachusetts amendments to ICC 2018 allow a 8-1/4" riser height for one and two family house stairs.
您好，使用这些：
- 饰面地板之间的垂直距离：116 1/2“
- 地板开口是115“ x 42”
- floor thickness is 20" and will be at 45 degrees
进行了一些计算，为了留下至少6'5“头部空间，这是我的两个选择：
1. 15个步骤，带11英寸的线（1英寸尖端）和7 3/4英寸的立管
2. 16步，带10 1/2英寸的线（带1英寸的鼻子）和7 1/4英寸的立管
Which choice would be better/safer? (hopefully I did my calculations right...)
还有其他选择吗？我看到鼻子也可以从3/4“到1 1/4”。谢谢
Stephane,
假设您的当地法规官员同意，这两种方法都可以起作用。如果这是我的房子，我更喜欢带7 1/4英寸立管的楼梯。
请注意，头部空间问题很棘手，部分取决于每个踏板相对于地板开口的位置。确保创建高程图，以确保头部空间计算正确。
感谢Martin，遵循您的建议，将Sketchup用于绘图，这是结果（请注意，我将使用一条中央钢纵梁，该钢筋带有2英寸厚的木台阶，图纸上未显示）。从台阶到倾斜的地板上，我到底有6'5“ ...在极限上。这对您有意义吗？
Stephane,
我不知道您正在使用什么代码，但是大多数代码从连接所有楼梯通道的对角线线中衡量所需的头高。您可能有更多的空间？
Malcolm, you are right, the code says from the diagonal line (insead of the way I measured on my diagram). This means I can extend the steps to 10 3/4" and still have 6' 7 1/2" available. My 2 sons are 6'2" and 6'4", will not go under 6'7". Thanks!
Stephane,
好东西！目前，我的头部在爬行空间工作略低于我的高度，在头顶上露出大瘀伤/割伤。
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