Converting Barn into Living Space
你好，
This is my first post. I’m working on an old Pennsylvania bank barn built in the late 1800s. I recently asked this question on another forum but just discovered this forum and it seems more active with more up to date information – so sorry to repeat if you visit the other forum as well. I’m looking for expert and sound advice on creating conditioned space within the barn from the inside out, without disturbing the exterior – definitely not the typical way to build these days.
The barn is post and beam construction – 8″x8″ posts with 8×8 beams, collars and girts. 1×12 board and batten siding is attached to smaller 3×5″ mid girts. The post and beam structure is 40’x60′ made up of 4-15×40′ bays with a 29′ gable peak, and this structure sits on a thick stone wall foundation (18″+) cut into the bank for ground level access on the bank side which faces north. The area below the timber frame is enclosed on 3 sides by the stone foundation (east, north and west), and has insulated garage doors in front on the lower ground level (south side). In the lower space, there is a 4″ slab over 4″ crushed stone w/vapor barrier for a floor, and the front side where doors are, is separated from the outside by vertical sub-surface 1″ foam board between slab and driveway. The lower ceilings are 8.5′ high, and covered by 1x beaded board attached directly to the underside of 3″x9″ floor joists of the structure above. The shell is in great shape overall and has a screwed on corrugated metal galvalume roof, on rafters 30″ on center w/oak purlins spaced @ 24″.
目前，在15'x40'海湾中有1.5层有两层公寓，在内壁上喷洒了冰期的冰淇淋，隔着泰夫克和毛毡纸以及木材框架内的2×4墙壁内的天花板。地板是在该空间中带有纤维素的绝缘。该公寓在冷却季节的表现非常出色，而且高温，尽管一楼的木地板在冬季很冷，这主要是由于HVAC是由第一层和第二层之间的天花板悬挂在天花板上的管道提供的事实，13''
This apartment is separated from the remaining 2.5 unconditioned bays, by a 2×4 wall, insulated with Icynene sprayed to Tyvek and covered in 1x shiplap siding. All walls have 2 layers of 5/8″ fire code drywall.
I’m looking at the possibilities of creating additional living space in part or all of the remaining upper level bays and looking for the best approach to create an envelope from the inside out. This project will likely need to be done in phases due to the cost of materials and sheer size of the space. I can either do a finished section at a time (most likely), or try to stretch and do the entire interior envelope and then build out within it.
总空间有近4,000平方英尺的墙壁，1,000平方英尺的地板和2,000平方英尺的天花板/屋顶。
Spray foam may be out of the question here at $2-5/sq. ft for appropriate R value, and based on my research so far may not be the most economical (long term) or environmental choice these days. So I’m considering adding an air space between the inside of the existing siding boards (for rain screen), by running additional 1x girts between the posts and attaching a house wrap to the inside of these girts. This would create a 3/4″ air space between the siding the the house wrap. Then we would attach 2″ or 3″ used PolyIso foam boards to the girts, taped and then sealed & caulked between the posts (at the recommendation of Dana1 on another forum – thanks!). We could then frame inside the foam boards with a 2″x4″ wall, likely covered in either drywall or directly w/t&g 1x cladding.
我担心我不会引入条件，这是对木材框架结构或现有板的不利条件，并通过在错误的位置引入湿度或水分来通过在这里采取的任何方法来构成壁板。现有的1×12英寸柏树外侧壁板状况良好，几年前我更换了板条，并重新粉刷了带油底漆和高质量的乳胶油漆 - 所有这些都在艰苦的准备后刷了。壁板的背面（内部）从未被绘制过。在壁板上到处都有很小的缝隙和裂缝，空气和强烈的雨水可以进入，但总体上它的年龄为美丽，我不想在外侧打扰它。
Our main goal is to find a cost effective way to add some additional conditioned living space that we may ultimately add on to (inside the same structure) in years to come, yet do it in an eco-friendly way that is efficient to heat and cool. To avoid repeating the cold floor issue in the other space, we’re likely going to run PEX over a plywood subfloor with sleepers for heat and possibly add a mini-split for cooling.
正如我所说，我们很可能必须在几年内以阶段实施此功能，但是可能有理由尝试先完成信封。
Appreciate any thoughts or advice on this from those with more experience!
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Replies
这听起来像是一个有趣的项目，我知道许多人正在将谷仓转换为生活空间。我敢肯定，有一些GBA成员具有这种转换经验，或者至少有一些好主意。发布一些照片也许会有所帮助，这样我们就可以更好地了解您在帖子中所描述的内容。
My guess it that it would be best to build a house within the barn - treating the barn just as an imperfect wind/rain/UV barrier.
When I look at my local barns the siding was not intended to be water or air tight. The siding board just butted up against the next ¼ inch gaps would be common, if a little rain got in it was not a problem as a lot of air also got in and dried it up before and thing rotted. If you make changes to the walls they may begin to rot and grow mold. If your tarpaper spray foam walls are working well, they may well be your best and the low cost option. Making your walls waterproof without changing the look will not be cheap.
如果您想加热地下室。
我确实喜欢谷仓想法中的房子。
Walt
谢谢大家的想法。我正在努力创建该地点的3D模型，但与此同时，这里有一些照片。
就谷仓想法的房子而言，您在现有的谷仓壁板和“谷仓内的房子”墙壁之间说什么样的间距？房屋墙将如何覆盖，窗户将如何工作？只需在房屋外墙和谷仓内墙之间带有空间的额外的深窗口，您可以在那里行走？这不会创造出火的潜在途径吗？
It could be minimal space, much like vented cladding. But good questions that I don't have answers for.
Thank you all for your thoughts so far. I'm working on creating a 3D model of the place but in the meantime, here are some photos.
就谷仓想法的房子而言，您在现有的谷仓壁板和“谷仓内的房子”墙壁之间说什么样的间距？房屋墙将如何覆盖，窗户将如何工作？只需在房屋外墙和谷仓内墙之间带有空间的额外的深窗口，您可以在那里行走？这不会创造出火的潜在途径吗？
photo
删除d
再次尝试
在谷仓在地面上对银行的酒吧n (lower ground level on slab is below this).
The inside of the siding boards are not wet at all, they've just weathered that way over 100+ years.
Also interested in thoughts on sealing and insulating the roof. It is a corrugate galvalume metal roof screwed to 1"x4" oak purlins (24"oc) on 3x5.5" rafters (~30" oc).
Quick sketch of wall/floor details...
...
At this point it seems like the way forward may be to apply girts between posts to create a gap, adding tar paper or Tyvek inside these girts, attaching polyiso to the inside of the girts/paper and sealing with tape/caulk. Then build interior wall framing inside of the sealed polyiso insulation. I guess the rain screen layer will not be able to get between all existing framing members for total drainage in the conventional sense, but should be able to prevent moisture that gets behind the siding from migrating inside. Make sense?
如果是这样，是否重要的是，箔纸支持的Polyiso会进出？如果使用2层怎么办？
我需要在绝缘和壁护套之间使用内部蒸气屏障/塑料层吗？
另外，对于屋顶绝缘，我可以遵循与壁板相同的方法，但强烈考虑在托梁之间安装挡板，并在安装任何其他天花板/屋顶隔热材料之前进行1-1.5英寸的闭孔喷雾泡沫的闪光涂层，以密封。如果我去。采用这种方法，可以在整个倾斜的屋顶上喷洒泡沫，并立即将内部平坦天花板，然后一点一点地构建内部，或者这会造成潜在的水分问题，因为所有墙壁和地板都不会隔离？例如，如果我喷涂整个屋顶/天花板，但暂时仅在更大的空间内添加一个绝缘的房间，而目前尚未隔离的其他周围外墙？
谷仓修复，
Your plan for the walls would work. It would make sense to specify rigid foam that meets the minimum R-value requirements described in this article:“计算刚性泡沫护套的最小厚度。”
If you use the same approach for the roof assembly, the riskiness of the finished product will depend on whether or not there is a good vent channel above the insulation. Ventilation makes the assembly more robust. It sounds like you are considering either a continuous layer of rigid foam, or a mash-up between rigid foam and flash-and-batt.
如果您最终没有通风渠道进行操作，那么遵守闪光灯和击水的无通风屋顶组件的规则很重要。更多信息在这里："Flash-and-Batt Insulation."
只是想知道您是如何做到这一点的？我正处于三年前的确切阶段，试图进入隔热阶段。我的承包商将简单地放置闭孔喷雾泡沫，我们一直在辩论下面添加焦油纸。关于您决定做的事情的任何建议将是珍惜的。