如果一个12步计划有助于帮助处理令人上瘾的行为等问题，那么一个17步计划应该更好，对吧？或者，它只是一个随机数，符合我计划本文的脑袋的提示数量。在任何一种情况下，在过去的十年里，我在这个空间中写了很多关于这个空间的管道，所以这里是管道设计和安装的秘诀。

1. Don’t blow air on people

这里非常直接。加热和冷却系统的目的是调节空间，因此乘客舒适。夏天吹过你的皮肤的空气可能会感觉良好，但在冬天它不会。将供应寄存器放在他们不会直接吹风的地方，你可以避免舒适问题。

2. Slow down the air with bigger ducts

There’s no magic velocity you need to keep the air moving faster than in ducts. When you move it faster, it’s noisier and feels more resistance. Moving it slower keeps things quiet and efficient. But—and this is a really important caveat—you don’t want the air to move too slowly when the ducts are in unconditioned spaces, especially attics. See my articles on the best velocity for moving air through ducts (第1部分and第2部分) for more details.

3. Use return filter grilles

我喜欢将过滤器放入返回格栅中出现一些原因。它保持返回管道清洁剂，通常更换过滤器的更可访问的位置，它允许您将表面积增加到keep the filter pressure drop low。（见第5步）

4.尺寸全部过滤器相同

We do this in ourHVAC designs在它来时让它更容易time to change the filter。房主可以订购一盒过滤器，所有相同的大小，而且不必担心哪些地方去哪里。你这样做的方式是使用filter sizing rulesI gave in an earlier article and then use the largest filter grille size for all of them.

5. Increase filter size

This one goes with the two previous tips. A lot of people think high-efficiency filters, like MERV 13, kill the air flow because of huge pressure drops. That’s true with bad filters and undersized filters. Again, see myfilter sizing tipsarticle for more.

6.为所有卧室提供返回空气途径

较旧的家庭有供应通风口，但没有回复通风口。我们现在知道更好，因为封闭的卧室门可以在房子内产生大压力差异，这可能导致问题。您有几种返回空气通路选项：放入专用回报，使用跳线管，或通过墙壁安装转印格栅在门本身。Heck, even门底切可以工作in some situations.

7.遵循Flex Duct的两条规则

It’s pretty simple:

• Pull the inner liner tight
• Use flex only for straight runs. When you need to turn the air, put in a fitting.

See myJoy of Flexarticle for more details.

8.选择更好的配件

ACCA’s Manual D for duct design has tables ofequivalent lengths适用于各种管道配件。研究这些表，并尽可能避免具有高等效长度的表。

特别是肘部，注意喉咙，这是转弯的内侧。下面的照片是在我在2019年购买它时在我家的管道系统中。夏普90度的喉咙造成了很多湍流，其中一个two primary causes of reduced air flow。

下一张照片是我家的新管道系统的一部分。请注意，光滑的半径在肘部的两侧脱离我们管道的迷你分流空气处理程序。

Fittings的一般规则是您希望它们尽可能顺利地转换。尖锐的转弯或突然的尺寸变化增加了更多的湍流。

9. Put the air handler in the middle

If the air handler is in the middle of the house (or zone), the air flow pathway is shorter. And yeah, the fittings are much more important than straight runs of duct in the overall resistance. But when the air handler is all the way on one side of the house, you’re probably going to have more fittings and more straight length.

10. Use a lot of mastic to seal the ducts

Duct leakage is a problem in many houses. In some, it’s a huge problem. Make sure all connections are secure and all joints and seams sealed with mastic, lots of mastic. It’s an inexpensive sealant. And it’s a lot easier to put on ducts when you’re first installing them than later on in the life of the house.

11.将管道保持在条件空间中

I’ve been harping on this one for a long time. Ducts in unconditioned spaces cause problems. In attics, they’re exposed to higher than ambient temperatures in summer and nearly as low as ambient in winter. In unconditioned crawl spaces or basements, you get moisture problems in cooling season.In garages, you can suck in bad air并将其送入其中呼吸者。这确实很好条件空间的管道更好。

12.当您可以时，埋葬阁楼导管深度绝缘

If you just can’t find a way to get the ducts inside the building enclosure and have to put them in the attic, you can bury them deeply in attic insulation in a dry climate. This is about as good as keeping them inside the conditioned space. Andburied ducts are now allowed in the building code(2018 IRC).

13. Avoid condensation in humid climates

在潮湿的气氛中，您可能能够在绝缘体中埋入管道，但它的风险较高。由于在潮湿的气候中发泄阁楼的高湿度，它是可能埋在绝缘中的管道以获得冷凝on the outside of the outer jacket. The 2018 IRC does allow you to bury ducts in attic insulation in humid climates (zones 1A, 2A, & 3A), but you have to use more insulation—R-13 rather than R-8. That doesn’t eliminate all risk, though, because of places where the insulation might be compressed or if there’s duct leakage inside the jacket. If you decide to do this, though, just make sure you understand the risks and do your best to avoid any problems.

Ducts sweat in other situations in humid climates, too—sometimes it’s because of poorly insulated ducts, sometimes it’s duct leakage, sometimes it’s two pieces of flex duct pressing against each other and getting condensation where they touch, sometimes it’s the bottom of a duct sitting on top of attic insulation. Coastal climates are especially subject to this problem.

14. Shorten the ducts by not putting supplies at the perimeter

这个与步骤9.你不需要把管道放在新房子里的周边，因为我们有更好的窗户。您可以通过将电源管道输出到周长来缩短整个管道长度和总有效长度。

But that’s not the only advantage! When you put the vents at the perimeter in an attic, it can be very difficult—if not impossible—to绝缘靴子。That could mean excess heat gain or loss, higher bills, and potential condensation in humid climates. In vented crawl spaces, you can have the same problems.

15.利用柯桑效应

When planning out your supply vents—following step 1 first—use the ceiling. When you blow air from a high sidewall vent placed just under the ceiling, you’ll get some additional help in moving the air across the room compared to blowing the air into open space.

16. Never use bypass ducts

Zoning a single HVAC system so you can control it with multiple thermostats can help sometimes. I prefer to zone with separate systems, but we do occasionally design zoned systems. One thing we never recommend, though, is a bypass duct. At best, it lowers the efficiency of your system. At worst, it can freeze the coil, damage the compressor, or crack the heat exchanger. Just don’t do it.

17.测试系统进行静压，空气流量，管道泄漏和整体性能

Start with good design. Then install using best practices and the tips above. Then test to make sure the system performs as you expect it to. This step is called commissioning and is critical not only to the system you’re testing but also future systems you design and install. You’re likely to find performance problems in your duct systems when you first start testing, and that will help you avoid making the same mistakes in the future.

而已。做这些事情，你的管道会表现良好。

–艾莉森巴利斯佐治亚州德国，是一个发言者，作家，建筑科学顾问，以及作者Energy Vanguard Blog。You can follow him on Twitter at@energyvanguard.。Photos courtesy of the author.