So the United States has announced it’s withdrawing from the Paris Accord, the international agreement with nonbinding measures to mitigate the effects of climate change. Now everyone’s up in arms, speaking in exasperated tones about the travesty of this decision.
“But… but… the science,” they say. Yeah, let’s talk about science.
科学真的是全部破解吗?
One of the most important facts about science is that you can never absolutely prove anything with it. Let’s take gravity as an example. Isaac Newton is famous for that whole apple-falling-out-of-the-tree thing and his “law of universal gravitation.” The apple falls. He writes an equation. And introductory physics students are punished for centuries.
But he could be wrong. What if a skydiver jumps out of a plane and never hits the ground? That’s the end of gravity. All it takes is one case of something not following the scientific idea — whether hypothesis, theory, or law — and that idea is dead. That’s how science works.
In fact, I just saw an article on Twitter the other day about a surprisingly large number of skydivers who have been reported as missing because they jumped out of a plane and were never seen again. I think Earth now has, in addition to the ozone layer, a skydiver layer. That’s my “theory.” (Or is it an alternative fact? I get those confused sometimes.)
Who gave scientists such an exalted position in the world anyway? We’re talking about people who could have been arrested for indecent exposure (Archimedes), are self-confessed trespassers and safe crackers (Richard Feynman), and who were illegal immigrants (all those Jewish scientists who escaped Nazi Germany). These are people so vain they’ve got at least five different varieties of “Luxuriant Hair Clubs。”
Climate change is just a theory
This conspiracy is so deep itgoes all the way back to 1827当法国科学家和数学家约瑟夫·福特尔(Joseph Fourier)构成了所谓的“温室效应”的想法。好吧,我认为他不是这样称呼的,但这就是他所做的。他当然试图通过使用精美的数学和计算应该独自一人的东西来使每个人混淆。
但是,嘿,傅立叶是法国人。当他做这项工作时,他可能会牢记巴黎协定,因为他知道美国将需要立即屈膝。
现在,我们有所有这些科学家致力于气候变化。我可以告诉你一个事实(直接而不是替代方案),并不是所有人都有资格The Luxuriant Flowing Hair Club for Scientistsâ„¢ (LFHCfS)。Just take a look at the pate ofthat Michael Mann guy。如果他花更多的时间锯,而不是计数树环or playing hockey instead ofgraphing hockey sticks, he might have kept some of that hair he used to have. (He’d probably have fewer fingers and teeth, though.)
It’s just a mass piling-on of all the scientists out there now. They’re calculating and compiling and combobulating all the data they can find to corroborate their “theory of climate change.”
You know what happens when a lot of scientists work on one thing? Bad things happen! Think about it. Remember theManhattan Project? A lot of the world’s best scientists (including the trespassers, safe crackers, and illegal immigrants mentioned above, but no flashers as far as I know) got together and invented nuclear weapons. Now we’ve got a crazy guy with a bad haircut who could send them to kill millions of people any time he gets the urge.
The reality of science
OK, clearly what I wrote above is over the top. (Or is it so clear? It’s getting hard to tell these days.) Science has led to a lot of amazing accomplishments over the past couple of millennia, especially since the Industrial Revolution.
这是科学真的是如何工作的。当你把你t a crazy idea (e.g., “not all skydivers fall to the ground”), that’s a hypothesis. It’s not a theory. Not even close. For something to be called a theory, it’s got to have some significant experimental evidence behind it. And it has to be something that leads to new predictions that can be tested. As scientists continue to find supporting evidence and refine the theory, it eventually becomes a scientific law.
这就是科学的工作方式。在气候变化的情况下,我们有大量证据 - 从字面上看,就消失的北极海冰和倒塌的南极冰架而言。When the vast majority of scientists who work in this field agree that climate change is real, when they’ve calculated a 95% probability that we humans are the cause, and when the main opposition is political, I’ll put my money on science.
The U.S. is certainly free to leave the Paris Accord and abdicate its leadership role in this important realm. It won’t help us, though. And it certainly won’t help us do what needs to be done to battle the very real problem of climate change.
I’ll end by quoting Neil deGrasse Tyson: “The good thing about science is that it’s true whether or not you believe in it.”
Allison Bailesof Decatur, Georgia, is a speaker, writer, building science consultant, and the author of the能源先锋博客。You can follow him on Twitter at@EnergyVanguard。
3 Comments
Crazy guy with bad haircut
Plus we've got that North Korean guy.
Bailing on Paris may be a blessing... (the silver lining)
The reaction within the US and in the world to the rise of the Trumpian middle-finger toward the Paris Accord has been to double-down on local goals & targets, making them more likely to happen.
讨论还强调了一个事实,即现在的新可再生能源现在比新化石燃烧器便宜,并且比化石燃料提取行业提供的每个Terawatt时或MBTOE提供更多的中产阶级工作。
Science-schmiantz, who cares when there's a ton money to be saved or made on distributed renewable power ?!! With accurate information corporate & utility decision makers come to the "right" energy source decision on the raw economics, even if the remain agnostic or apathetic about climate change issues.
在美国,这不是红色状态与蓝州问题 - 风力开发的优势一直是在传统上是红色国家。去年,得克萨斯人从风中获得了13%的力量,俄克拉荷马州,堪萨斯州和北达科他州的权力都超过20%,爱荷华州获得37%(!)。看看EIA最近的清单:
https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/images/2017.06.14/chart3.png
https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=31632
Of the states where wind & solar hit a double-digits for all power going onto their grid in 2016, most are in red or purple politically.
And this party is just getting started. Wind, solar, and batteries are continuing to decline in cost, and only countries/states with politically powerful incumbent fossil fuel industries are still putting up roadblocks to renewables.
美国仍然是其中之一,但决策者仍然可能受到影响。Jigar Shah是生成资本的创始人,已经编制了一群人来解决这个问题,如果您碰巧认识他们或处于认真对待的位置,他在此播客中提到了这一点:
https://soundcloud.com/the-energy-gang/covering-americas-climate-troll-in-chief
(I don't have the link to his list handy...)
最重要的是,无论Twitterer任职者是否想参加巴黎协定,大多数国家(包括美国)都会击败其原始陈述的目标。奥巴马的清洁能力计划(CPP)从来都不是一个障碍(更像是地板上的条纹),但是至少在任何时候都会发生的事情或大胆地发生的数学是这样做的,并提供了谈论的基础在巴黎。
The CPP also provided for mitigating the economic damage that fossil extraction communities are taking due to this transition. If the CPP goes away under this administration the transition to cheaper renewables happens anyway, but the planned mitigation of the economic damage to declining fossil fuel industry communities doesn't, as highlighted recently in this bit o' NPR reportage (definitely NOT fake news):
http://www.npr.org/2017/06/13/532724757/coal-towns-face-an-uncertain-future
See also:http://www.utilitydive.com/news/eei-2017-the-utility-sectors-business-case-for-deep-decarbonization/444873/
So, while bailing on Paris tarnishes US prestige in the world, the reaction to that bit of trolling will likely hasten the transition to cleaner energy, both in the US and elsewhere. It galvanizes people to take concrete action on their own rather than waiting for the cumbersome (and now reactionary) US federal government to move.
Alison and Dana
Good article Allison and I share in most of your optimism Dana.
尽管我们永远无法证明AGW,但与大部分科学一样,我们对控制气候的内容和足够快速气候变化的证据有足够的基本了解,以至于确保AGW是现实。证据(大气二氧化碳和CH4浓度增加,碳同位素数据表明来自化石燃料,温度升高,海平面上升,海洋酸化,北极冰量撤退,冰川融化,格陵兰冰片撤退.....)如果我们理解并相信温室效应科学。这必须是第一步,我不知道任何对气候科学如此解释的理论。
因此,在几乎所有其他各行各业中,我们都利用我们对风险做出决定并采取相应行动的判断。当我们超过80%的置信度限制时,我们倾向于采取缓解风险。我对特朗普,普鲁伊特和佩里等不良知识的人的关注很可能会放慢我们在可再生能源方面取得的进步,这只是减少了使该行业获得巨大启动的经济利益。正如您建议的达娜(Dana),经济学推动行为。美国有一个很好的机会来领导道路,并证明了可再生能源如何成为气候,经济和就业机会的双赢。
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